Thursday, July 10, 2014

BUDGET: HOPE, EXPECTATION AND PRAGMATISM

As the new government gets to work, one key item on the agenda would be the revival of growth. The key to achieve such an objective is to revive the investment climate. The major challenge for the government would be to revitalize the investors’ faith while at the same time keeping the inflation in check. The Reserve Bank of India’s Financial Stability Report (FSR) highlights that the Global financial markets are showing signs of improved stability although growth is still not on strong ground and easy monetary policy continues in many jurisdictions. On the domestic front, the return of a stable government has definitely provided impetus to the money and the capital market. The BJP led government has already signaled its happiness with the RBI, taking a stern line against the rising food prices by keeping the interest rates pegged at the existing high levels.
      Onions can make the government cry. This has been witnessed in the recent Indian history. Such are the conundrums of facing the country that presenting the general budget is equivalent to a juggler, walking on a tight rope while multitasking. Steps taken to rein in onion and potato prices by raising the minimum export threshold price, is a clear indication of where the Modi government’s priorities lie at this moment. Given the battle against WPI that is being driven up mostly by food prices, it would be a great challenge to inject a growth impetus in the budget.
      The Iraq situation is not going to help India. The rising oil prices will also have a big impact on the CAD (Current Account Deficit). If the oil prices go out of control, what will happen to India’s import bills? (India meets 80% of its oil requirements by importing from foreign countries) So in order to curb in the CAD, a major decision would be to increase the import duty on gold, which was used by the previous government. But if the BJP wants to reduce the import duty on gold to please the electorate that voted it in, where then would it find resources or the ‘bitter pills’ to keep the CAD at bay?
       Election of pro market Narendra Modi has raised hopes that reforms will be put on fast track mode and projects which earlier got stuck, will be cleared. This has led foreign investors to invest over one lakh crores till date in equity and debt taking stock markets, to a new high. Also, what has been helpful in part is the Ukraine crisis in Russia and concerns about growth in China. Money which would have been poured in these two countries, is coming to India. With such high hopes from the government by the investors-both domestic and foreign, any slip off in budget will be severely punished.
        Along with the growth and inflation, many issues need to be addressed lucidly too. The ignominious invoking of the retrospective taxation system in the Vodafone case, has attracted the ire of the foreign investors. It needs to be resolved. GAAR needs to be addressed and its implementation should be postponed. Hard decisions regarding the subsidy on food, fuel, fertilizers, LPG should be pondered upon. GST should be implemented. But it would be interesting to see how it materializes since Modi, as chief Minister of Gujarat, had opposed it vehemently. There is also a need to increase the non tax revenue of the government. PSUs sitting on a huge pile of cash which they are not using, should be asked to give more dividends to the government. The DTC (Direct Taxes Code) Bill, which has been dwindling in the Parliament for too long now, needs to be legislated. Also over the last three years, India has been hit badly by ‘transfer pricing’ issues too. Finally, we continue to pursue the exchange of information with Switzerland, we need to enter into a treaty of the type entered into by UK where account holder who doesn't agree to be named, would be taxed on the accumulated balance and on ongoing income.
         Also India’s greatest bugbear of the immediate future is going to be the unemployment issue, in a country with an increasingly younger demographic profile. If there is no growth in the manufacturing sector, which is actually the prime mover of employment generation, the rising demands of the aspirational India won’t be met and the Indian market will be flooded with cheap Chinese products.

         According to the Prime Minister, the nation has to be governed with certain ‘bitter pills’. But if Mr. Jaitley assumes that he can do that by tinkering with the tax laws or reducing subsidies, he would fail badly. The test for the Finance Minister would be to improve India’s rankings in the Human Development Index, Ease of Doing Index, and Corruption Index. For this, he has to be refreshingly different from his predecessor.

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